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Objective:To investigate the correlation between serum vitamin D and the risk of pre-eclampsia at the early, middle and late stages of pregnancy.Methods:Pregnant women who registered and delivered in Electric Power Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University from August 2020 to July 2021 were included. Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia during pregnancy were selected as the case group (150 cases), while pregnant women without any complications after delivery were selected as the control group (600 cases) according to the 1∶4 matching principle (age, pre-pregnancy body mass index and last menstruation). The levels of serum vitamin D in differences stages of pregnancy between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between serum vitamin D levels and the risk of pre-eclampsia.Results:The levels of serum vitamin D at the early, middle and late stages of pregnancy in the case group were lower than those in the control group: (14.32 ± 3.61) μg/L vs. (18.78 ± 4.73) μg/L, (15.06 ± 3.12) μg/L vs. (19.88 ± 4.25) μg/L, (16.04 ± 3.51) μg/L vs. (22.04 ± 5.63) μg/L, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Taking pregnant women with adequate serum Vitamin D as a reference, and adjusting for confounding factors such as gain weight and primipara, the risk of pre-eclampsia in early stages pregnant women with serum Vitamin D serious deficiency, middle deficiency and deficiency was increased and the OR and 95% CI were 4.84(1.25 -31.42), 3.09(1.12 - 8.96), 1.48(1.12 - 13.05); the risk of pre-eclampsia in middle stages pregnant women with serum vitamin D serious deficiency, middle deficiency and deficiency was increased and the OR(95% CI) were 4.43(1.23 - 13.55), 2.22(1.05 - 6.78), 1.12(0.45 - 7.73); the risk of pre-eclampsia in late stages pregnant women with serum vitamin D serious deficiency, middle deficiency and deficiency was increased and the OR(95% CI) were 2.13(1.12 - 8.64), 1.76(1.02 - 4.98), 1.22(0.72 - 3.94). Conclusions:The level of serum vitamin D is associated with the risk of pre-eclampsia in pregnant women in the early, middle and late stages of pregnancy, and the risk of pre-eclampsia is significantly increase when the level of serum vitamin D is severely deficient or deficient during pregnancy.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) on the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and downstream signaling pathway molecules,and secretion of cytokines in murine RAW264.7 cells.Methods The RAW264.7 murine macrophages were induced by inactivated Propionibacterium acnes suspension for the establishment of a cell model of inflammation.The cultured RAW264.7 cells were divided into 5 groups:blank control group receiving normal culture followed by the treatment with phosphate buffer saline (PBS),model group treated with inactivated Propionibacterium acnes suspension followed by the treatment with PBS,and three ALA groups treated with inactivated Propionibacterium acnes suspension followed by the treatment with 0.03,0.06 and 0.12 mmol/L ALA,respectively,and infrared radiation at a dose of 16 J/cm2.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to detect levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the culture supematant of RAW264.7 cells,and Western blot analysis to determine the protein expression of TLR2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88),as well as p38,c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK),inhibitor of κB kinase α (IκBα) and their phosphorylated forms (p-p38,p-JNK,p-ERK and p-IκBα).Results Compared with the blank control group,the model group showed significantly higher levels of TNF-α ([0.34 ± 0.02] ng/L,P ＜ 0.01) and IL-6 ([0.21 ± 0.03] ng/L,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the 0.03 mmol/L ALA group,the 0.12 mmol/L ALA group showed a similar level of TNF-α ([0.03 ± 0.01] ng/L,P ＞ 0.05),but a significantly lower level of IL-6 ([0.07 ± 0.01] ng/L,F =114.813,P ＜ 0.01).The protein expression of TLR2,MyD88,p-p38,p-IκBα,p-JNK and p-ERK was all significantly higher in the model group (0.90 ± 0.14,1.11 ± 0.13,0.84 ± 0.04,1.45 ± 0.20,2.56 ± 0.06,3.70 ± 0.40) than in the blank control group (all P ＜ 0.01),and gradually decreased along with the increase of ALA concentration in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion Photodynamic therapy can suppress the expression of TLR2 in RAW264.7 murine macrophages,and decrease the secretion of cytokines likely by the TLR2 signaling pathway.
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Objective To explore the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia and the effects of periodontal treatment on preeclampsia.Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,WANGFANG DATA,China Dissertation Full-Text Database,China Proceedings of Conference Full-Text Database,Cochrane Library,PubMed,EMbase,Elsevier,Springer,and Science Direct OnSite were extracted from inception till September 30,2014.The case-control,cohort and randomized controlled trials about the association of matemal periodontal disease and preeclampsia were searched according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.RevMan5.1 and Stata12.0 were used to test the heterogeneity of the results among the different studies and amalgamate the effect size using fixed or random effect models.Results Twenty studies (15 case-control and 5 cohort) involving 8 775 women assessed the association between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.A positive association was found (OR=2.48,95％CI:1.76-3.48,P ＜ 0.01).Meta-analysis of the case-control studies showed more than twice in the odds of preeclampsia with the presence of periodontal disease (OR=2.75,95％CI:1.93-3.92,P ＜ 0.01).Meta-analysis of cohort studies did not reveal any significant differences (OR=1.84,95％CI:0.91-3.74,P ＞ 0.05).Four randomized controlled trials with 3 712 women evaluated the effect of periodontal treatment on preeclampsia,and meta-analysis showed no relative risk reduction in preeclampsia with periodontal treatment (RR=1.04,95％CI:0.84-1.30,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Periodontal disease appears to be a possible risk factor for preeclampsia,but treatment during pregnancy does not prevent preeclampsia.High-quality prospective studies are needed to confirm the relationship between periodontal disease and preeclampsia.